There are several different hypotheses as to what causes alopecia areata. Genetic factors seem to play an of high standing role since there is a higher frequency of a family history of alopecia areata in who are affected. Alopecia areata appears to also have an autoimmune calculate causing the patient to create antibodies to divers hair follicle structures.
Congenital alopecia or hair loss is relatively rare. It is characterized by full defect or thinning of hair that can be combined with other disorders such as deterioration of nails,teeth etc. Premature or presenile alopecia occurs most often among young and middle-aged men and develops gradually. In case with women it is generally limited to hair thinning. Hair loss begins in frontal and parietal areas. Then care grasps other sites of the scalp. The head-skin on the bald sites becomes change state smooth and brilliant and apertures of hair follicles are impalpable.
Seborrheic alopecia as the name prompts develops on the background of seborrhea. It is marked with abnormal unctuous excretions and thinning of hair on the whole external move of the scalp its peeling and increased greasiness of hair.
Cicatricial alopecia presupposes constant destruction of hair follicles and their replacement by connecting tissue. Cicatrices usually are not so palpable as in case of healing wounds. They result in disappearance of apertures of hair follicles and the scalp becomes smooth and brilliant. The climb can remain soft and elastic though sometimes may be callosities.
Areal alopecia or alopecia areata is characterized by loss of hair in one or several small sites on the sell underarms on the pubis rim eyelashes or eyebrowes. Such hair loss areas undergo more often round outlines they can change magnitude and merge among themselves forming larger sites. The skin in the new-forming centers is slightly hyperemic and edematic. Later on it becomes change surface and gets the alter of ivory.
Disease can continue on the accent of eosinophilia lymphocytosis regional lymphadenitis thinning of nails accompanied by headaches. In some cases total loss of hair on the head and also loss of eyelashes eyebrowes and lanugo (malignant or without exception alopecia) is marked. Hair can drop out during several years. Hair loss affect can differ in intensity and duration. Sometimes children can undergo alopecia by way of small-focal “gleams” of hair or the coiled nimbus extending ribbonly from the nape to the auricles.
Most often therapy of premature alopecia consists in intensive bracing treatment. It can’t result in restoration of all lost hair on the sell but it can decrease appreciablly the process of hair loss. Now techniques of operative treatment of hair loss or alopecia are developed. For example hair transplantation in bald spots. This operation is carried out in specialized clinics and is rather expensive.
Usually not. The diagnosis is usually based on the typical mien of the grow patches. If there is doubt about the bring about of the hair loss now and then some blood tests or a skin scrapping from a grow patch may be done to rule out other causes of baldness. A small climb biopsy (small consume) is sometimes taken to look at under the microscope.
Hair losing women with hyperandrogenism are usually treated to exclude the causes of the modern. In case of increased sensitivity to androgenes (male hormones) the nonspecific therapy that reduces their production by ovaries or blocks their peripheral effects is carried out. With this intend oral contraceptives and spironolactone are applied.
Treatment symptomatic alopecia should be directed on the basic disease. In case of favorable outcome hair are restored and regrown in due course.
Treatment of seborrheic alopecia should be preventive. In these purposes besides bracing therapies and correction of metabolic processes intensive topical treatment is used. Complex treatment can inform or suspend loss of hair. Such therapy is carried out by dermatologists and cosmeticians.
Minoxidil has been used to back up hair growth and has shown cosmetically pleasing results in 30% of cases. Minoxidil does not forbid the disease transaction so stopping applications after hair has started to change back may incentive the hair to go out again.
Another type of treatment is designed to create a dermatitis or irritation at the place seemingly stimulating hair growth. The most common irritant used is called anthralin. Some studies declare using minoxidil and anthralin in combination may be more effective.
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